Maize is the most popular and the most important nutritional all-Saharan Africa, is the staple food for more than fifty percent people. Corn contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, B vitamins, protein, iron and other minerals that are important in body building. In many areas, corn is eaten in various forms; for example maize
The green is burned, boiled or fried to be prepared in favor of eaten corn is milled and dried given meal or redeemed which is used as fodder. Every part of this plant is used, from grain, straw, chaff, stalk and cob can be used in the manufacture of human nutrition, animal feed and other uses
such as wood.
Planting of Maize
1. Seed
Planting of maize should be done only when the rains come rain, delayed corn planting in one day
reduces production plant for 1 to 2 percent of maize seed sowing in one hectare in hand requires at least five to ten days. Seeds are placed in a hole five centimeters in height to prevent sprouting due to the fact rainfall. For one acre 8 to 10 kg of maize seeds and 25 kg will be needed for hectare.
To be standing corn properly, it is recommended spacing of 75 centimeters (line by line) and 30 cm
(Seed to seed) that will give the corn crop a 44,000 hectare in areas with adequate rainfall. Or you can put a space of 75 × 25 which will provide 53,000 plants for one hectare. In areas that are dry highly recommended increasing the size of the place until at least 90 × 30.
2. Weeds
Gardening corn there should take place 4 to 6 weeks after the setting of the weeds emerge as causes
extensive damage in corn by taking supplements that have been used as a food plant.
3. Compost
Fertilizers that contain salts and containing melt quickly in the water brings the following effects:
- prevents soil organisms grow so damaging.
- Forces plants using these salts even if the plants do not require.
- plants when taking these salts forced its growth is disrupted and cause shortages health and protection so that it can make plants susceptible to disease and insect attack.
It is recommended to use a fertilizer that is sustainable / organic and does not melt quickly in water for example manure, compost and remains of plants that are good for the soil, plants, the environment, health and its benefits are long term. If you use manure or compost, it is advisable to combine these fertilizers in the soil before planting corn to help replenish land and give food to the power plant, after the plants germinate required to continue to keep these regular fertilizer.
Also organic fertilizers / sustainability helps retain moisture and reduce drying wet soil. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are found in organic fertilizers such as manure, compost, the green plants capable of forming nitrogen, animal urine and ash. It is recommended to make sure that your soil passes air enough to support living organisms in the soil that produce these nutrients to grow.
4. Maturity and harvesting
Mature corn vary due to the type of seed used. But maize is ripe after five to seven months. Maize plant leaves begin to dry up is a sign that the corn is ripe and it is recommended to gather once and saved well to prevent losses that occur due to damaged and diseases or pests field as delayed.
Agroforestry (mixed)
Agriculture hybrid (combination) is a form of agriculture which includes planting two or more crops on the farm one at a time. This type of farming combines with organic farming or sustainable agriculture and amazed at many areas. In mixed farming, monoculture is necessary because of economic or other food crop or other crops are planted so that their vital support.
The purpose of the plant more than one plant in the field is to produce from the farm to use land
which could not be used all the plant one plant. It is important to conduct a comprehensive review to ensure that Plants not it contested waters, sunshine, raised position and other nutrients from the soil.
How one of agroforestry / combinations are climbing plant with deep roots with the plant roots shorter or rising sun needy tall, with a short crop that does not require too much sun. Here tall, term will help the plant to protecting and direct light from the sun. Among the crops that can be planted with corn includes Beans, peas, nuts and Soybeans (legumes).
How intercropping favor of expelling pests and prevent weeds (Push-Pull)
Push-Pull is an agricultural system that is used in expelling pests and weeds to prevent damage
in maize. This system is easier and cheaper to create. You will require to have leaves Napier / Elephant grass (elephant) and Desmodium in this repair system.
Desmodium is planted in between the rows of corn and produces odors that bore / caterpillars (stem borer) do not like it, lest make the maize. Napier grass (elephant elephants) are planted around the terraces of corn, used as grip the bore / caterpillars (stem borer) bore a preference for these leaves than maize and inhaled lay eggs. But do not allow elephants elephant bore hatch grow so small that provides something like glue that catches. this causes hyperactivity grow bore and thereby minimize the damage and loss in maize.
Desmodium also serves to prevent weeds such as striga (weed AWI / sani) which is damage to germinate. surveys indicate that the fluid which is provided by desmodium prevent striga Striga and thus can not be sprung part which desmodium grow directly. Also desmodium helps add nitrogen to the soil in which it is necessary for corn to grow and reproduce.
How to make Push-Pull system
1. Plant leaves Napier (fence) at the boundaries of your field of corn.
2. Keep at least three lines of Napier and at least two arms of manure in each hole.
3. In the first year, plant trees to fence before the rains begin well before corn.
4. Get desmodium cones or sticks to the plant, if you use seeds per acre kilogram of seed required if you use twigs and then make sure that there is enough rain and the soil is moist.
5. Prepare the soil carefully to ensure that you are well and mix the seeds of desmodium.
6. Use the stick / stick pointed difficult thing to put into the furrows where maize trenches where to be planted.
7. plant maize on a farm surrounded by a fence.
8. After 3 to 6 weeks, cut leaves desmodium to not exceed in maize.
9. Make sure the field does not have other weeds
Benefits of using the system Push-Pull
Increase maize yields by 25 to 30 percent in areas that bore / caterpillars (stem borer) is a chronic problem. If the problem is a bore and striga can increase the yield twice as much.
Increase the nutrition of cattle using elephants and elephant grass desmodium.
Add nitrogen to the soil which is important for corn.
Retention moist and add nutrients to the soil with leaves desmodium.
Reduction in working weeding because weeds are reduced or completely does not germinate.
Prevention maize using windbreak fence.
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