bell peppers
Green pepper is one of the crops that are grown ingredients in bulk regions of Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Morogoro, Mbeya and lringa.
This crop is used as an ingredient in various foods such as meat, potatoes and bananas. Also used in the manufacture of a pickle and can be dried and ground to obtain a powder.
Nutrients available in sweet peppers are rich in vitamins A, B, C and mining of limestone and iron.
Green pepper plant
ENVIRONMENT:
The crop grows well in climates with moderate temperature (temperature 18 to 20 degrees) Celsius, high temperatures projections, flowers and fruit fall.
It requires elevation from sea level to 1,500 meters and an average rainfall amount of 600 to 1500mm.
Soil appropriate for this crop is the fertile, humus multiple, deep and infinite misha's water.
TYPE:
There are many varieties of bell peppers. Some types are under development in Califomia Wonder, Emerald Giant, Sweet Neapotitan, Yolo Wonder, Pimiento and Keystone Resistant Giant. Other types are as Ruby King, Ruby Giant, Libert Bell and Yolo Wonder B.
PLANTING SEEDS
Seeds can be sown directly in the field or the first to be grown in a nursery and later transferred to the field.
Growing seeds garden:
Before spawning forms a ridge width of one meter. The length of the embankment will depend on the area of land planted surges. Keep well composted manure natural amount of two or more buckets in the area of one square meter. Mix compost and good soil, then create the opportunity tubes contain 10 to 15 centimeters from the canal to the other. The depth of the canal be one to two centimeters. sowed the amount of two to three grams in the area, this amount will provide that will help transplant seedlings in an area of 100 square meters buried after sowing using finely ground natural or composted manure properly. Keep mulch and then irrigate May i. Continue watering the garden every morning and evening until the seeds germinate cleft. Seeds germinate after six to 10 times a day dreamed cleft remove the mulch. Continue watering until it becomes ready to transplant seedlings.
PREPARING THE GARDEN
Prepare a good field one month prior to transplant seedlings. lima land in deep enough to go down to 30 centimeters. Apply a natural fertilizer amount of 10 to 15 tons per hectare. This amount is equivalent to about one gallon for one square meter area. Mix compost and soil well. If the area has depleted form of phosphorus as will be confirmed by experts, put lime fertilizer type of TSP. The amount required is 200 kg per hectare. Soften soil three or five days before transplanting the seedlings.
Transplant seedlings:
The seedlings are ready to transplant the field after four weeks to 10. At this time tend to have six to eight leaves and a height of 10 to 15 centimeters.
Transplant seedlings in the space of 40 to 50 centimeters from hole to hole with 60 to 75 centimeters between rows. If a natural fertilizer was not established during the preparation of the field, put about half a kilo to one in each of the planting hole. One day before the seedlings thinned, irrigate embankment to soften the soil. The seedlings with soil and planted in its depth of two centimeters more than it was in the nursery. Transplant seedlings in the morning or evening. Once the transplant watered enough.
CARE FIELD:
· Set Mulch:
Spread straw to conserve soil moisture, improve soil fertility, prevent the growth of weeds and erosion to the occupation.
· Weeding
when they crouch Weed each field. During gardening soil to cover the roots around the trunk, and prevent the plant not be cast to the winds.
· Watering Water
Green pepper grows well if have received enough water. So frequent irrigation especially during the summer is important.
· Keep Fertilizer:
This crop fertilizer needs growing. These are like fertilizer, S / A, CAN, Urea fertilizer mixture and variety of N.P.K. Fertilizer mixtures (N.P.K) is set when the flowers start to come out. The amount is being imposed nine to 10 grams (one tablespoon reduced) for each plant. Four weeks later laid CAN, S / A or Urea. Put six grams (teaspoonful) per seedling, if you use CAN or S / A. If you use Urea, put three grams (half a teaspoon) for each.
Pests and diseases:
insects:
· Oil aphids or insects (Aphids):
These are tiny organisms that contain the color black, green or brown. attack leaves to absorb its sap and cause plant stunting.
Aphids are prevented by spraying as Pillarcron, Actellic 50% EC, Diclorvos, Karate, dimethoate or Selecron.
· "Mbawakau"
It insects mixed black and brown colors. Their wings out m difficult. Attacks stem near ground level and make it to the hump.
Prevent these pests by using one of the following: CARBARYL, or Pillarcron.
· Persecutor of Pepper (Pepper Weevil):
This bug is very dangerous for this crop and worm attacks are carried out by women with white paint. These maggots feed on the inner part of the projections and immature fruit and cause a fall. Kill these insects for use, one of the following; Actellic, Sumithion or CARBARYL.
· Vithiripi (Thrips):
These are tiny organisms that contain a yellow color. Attacks the leaves and causes the plant to be bright white color. The plant also dried up from the tip of the leaf. HIV virus also spreads viral diseases.
Prevent the virus using drugs such as; Cypermethrin, Sumicidin or Pillarcron
· Sota (Cutworms):
These young plants are cut close to the soil surface. To prevent these pests, using drugs such as CARBARYL, Sumicidin or Ekalux. Spray immediately after the transplant.
· Flies White (White flies);
It paints contain tiny white insects, and is seen as the dust of flour they are on grass. Plant shaken fly.
Attacks plant by sucking its sap, and spread the virus that causes formation of galls on the leaves.
Whiteflies can be prevented by using Sumicidin, diazinon or Diclorvos Sapa.
· Utinri Red (Red Spidermites):
These are small insects with reddish or orange ripe. It appears at the bottom of the leaves and attacks the plant to absorb its sap.
Prevent Influx using drugs such as Kelthane, dimethoate and diazinon.
Diseases:
· Disease Virus:
These diseases are attributed to the virus. It causes stunted leaves, sad, and have a yellow color. To prevent these diseases, consider the following: -
- Plant next second type of resistance to attack these diseases.
- remove plants showing symptoms of these diseases.
- Prevent insects viral diseases medicine Kelthane extension of this orientation 30 E.C, dimethoate, diazinon and Ekalux.
- Change crop. After harvesting the sweet pepper, the next crop Every society should not be an example of this crop for tomatoes and eggplant.
· Mule (Anthracnose):
This disease is caused by fog. Attacks fruits and their source of circular scars have a mixed black and brown colors.
Prevent this disease sprays one of the following: Dithane - M 45, Topsin - M, Ridomil or Kocide.
· Staining bacteria (Bacterial Leaf Spot):
This disease is caused by the bacterium. Attacks young leaves and fruit later. Symptoms include the appearance of yellow spots on leaves and fruit. Prevent this disease by planting certified seed.
· Root Rot
This is a disease of the mold infesting the roots and cause decay. Plants wither and eventually die. This disease is very prefers moist conditions and heat, it prevents this situation to avoid planting peppers in part which do not retain water.
In extreme cases, use drugs mist as Dithane M 45, Topsin - M 70 or Ridomil.
· Verticilium Wilt
This too is a disease brought on by mold that is found in soil. Attacks stem and causing the color change and become brown. Later the plant withers and dies. You can prevent this disease by changing crops.
HARVESTING
Bell peppers are ready to be harvested after 10 to 14 weeks since the transplant seedlings. Harvesting continues for a period of eight to 10 weeks of harvest time depends on the type and use. Pepper for home use are harvested retained its color bright green. The factory processed ones being harvested ripe and colored red. when harvested still immature fruit withers easily, pine away and reduces yields average yield per hectare is 30 to 45 tons.
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