today I would like to begin learning about the topic of the Greenhouse. Today we will look at first because of the technology, its history, its benefits, its type, with crops grown in the Greenhouse
Very close:
First we should start to get the translation of the word itself, Greenhouse grown when provided with different names, there are termed the Green House, others termed Banda Nursery, etc. Whatever you call it wishes to this technology, the key is to understand exactly what it means.
Greenhouse (Banda Nursery): a technology to give the plants a good environment that will help the plants / crops grow well and grow and descendants, these plants are planted in the pavilion, or the house special. This technology is used mainly protecting plants not affected by environmentally destructive weather.
Environmental pernicious is like a strong wind, frost, rain, or hail, intense solar radiation, heat, insects and diseases as well. That is the context in which this technology brings solutions, ensuring the plant does well without the influence and one of the problems mentioned.
This technology was invented in the cold country, more than one and a half centuries (150 years) ago. Country tubes temperate zone, tropical crops (crops prefer boiling temperature) grew quite impossible farmed these areas of the temperate zone.
Then the idea emerged to discover Greenhouse existing site. These countries began to use this technology because this green house grew not able to keep warm, and it began to cultivate crops of the temperate zone as vegetables (tomato, red pepper) and fruit.
With this technology start to a season in developed countries, but in terms of developing this technology is still new to many people. This technology is also used in tropical areas, although there is a difference between him and those of the countries of the temperate zone.
Benefits of Greenhouse
1. Harvest growing 10 to 12 times more than the cultivation of open area, depending on the type of crops grown there, type greenhouse with environmental control equipment within the greenhouse.
2. Sure harvesting crops increases. For Greenhouse can prevent the causes of crop damage.
3. Production of crops throughout the year, meaning you do not need to wait until their season come the lime.
4. Ability to generate a period that is not the season (off-season) since this time many people do not turn out due to circumstances advised, with a greenhouse you have the ability to produce the same period and received higher prices and
5. Effective in sending medicine, in control.
6. Use of water is very small and its control is easy. Irrigation infrastructure used here is drip irrigation (drip irrigation) water goes where there is a special plant.
7. Ability to care for plants produced in the laboratory from the technology of the tissue (tissue culture technology) plants whenever a lab before it can be sent from the field to greenhouse maintained first known for the adaptation of the first out.
8. The ability to grow plants without soil (soilless culture). Given the challenges of diseases and parasites like nematodes in the soil, then the technological innovation of growing plants for not using soil occurred
Some countries performing well Greenhouse cultivation.
There are over 50 countries in the world where extensive farming cultivated in the greenhouse. We will look at some of the countries that have grown comfortable conducting through this technology.
Let's start with the United States, the United States has an area approximately 4,000 hectares that contain greenhouse for horticulture, the US through the agricultural gross receive more than $ 2.8 billion (over 5 trillion across the Tz) per year.
In Spain and Italy 25,000hekta estimated over 18,500 hectares, closed greenhouse for the cultivation of green pepper, strawberry, cucumber, green beans with tomatoes.
Canada's greenhouse cultivation of flowers and vegetables when they are not loquacious elsewhere. Crops grown popular in Greenhouse of Canada as tomatoes, cucumbers and bell.
The Netherlands is more than exist in the 89,600 hectare greenhouse. Dutch greenhouse industry is the best in the world. The Netherlands is the leading country in this technology and have made a step too far. There are major Dutch companies that use this technology some of them are right here in Tanzania horticulture, fruits, vegetables, as well as seeds. Example: Kili Hortex, Multi flower, Mount Meru Flower, Enza Zaden, RJK ZWAAN (Q-SEM and AFRISEM)
Israel: 15000 hectares. Israel is the world's leading exporter of flowers (cut flowers) abroad. Although the land of Israel is its location is mostly desert. Also the Land of Israel has become one of the existing front line in irrigation technology and Greenhouse. Balton Tanzania with its headquarters in Arusha, is a company from Israel performing well in this sector.
Turkey: 10,000 hectares cultivated flowers and vegetables using this technology the Green house. Saudi Arabia: 90% of tomato and cucumber crops grown in the green house.
Egypt 10,000 hectares tomatoes, cucumbers and bell peppers.
Greenhouse technology in China is growing faster than any country on earth. Although this technology is yet to begin such a long time in China, but so far more than 48,000 hectares already fitted Greenhouse.
Other countries in Asia are done well as Japan (40,000hekta) and South Korea (21,000 hectares).
Types of Greenhouse.
Greenhouse divide into different groups depending on the following criteria:
1. Greenhouse classifications in terms of shape / form (shape)
There are 8 types of greenhouse type, here I will mention only a few of their names, professional
· Quonset Greenhouse
· Saw tooth type
· Even span type greenhouse
· Uneven span type greenhouse
2. Types of Greenhouse on grounds of Use
· Green house greenhouse (These are for the colder areas)
· Greenhouse limiting temperature (these are the areas of heat)
3. Type the greenhouse in terms of its maintenance (construction)
· Greenhouse tree (Wooden framed structure)
· Pipe framed structure (Greenhouse upstream pipelines)
· Truss / Aluminium framed structure (Geenhouse being built for metals
4. Type Greenhouse in terms of the type of tools covering (covering types)
· Greenhouse gushing covered with tools Glass (glass) - these areas are used very harsh winter, to keep warm long into greenhouse
· Greenhouse gushing plaski wrapped in bags (plastic film)
5. Type Greenhouse in terms of investment committed
· Greenhouse expensive (High cost greenhouse) (over 50 million)
· Greenhouse cost of intermediate (medium cost greenhouse) (20 to 50 million)
· Greenhouse low cost (Low cost greenhouse) (under 20 million)
Greenhouse low cost many people are used widely in developing countries. In a future article we will discuss these types of greenhouse more affordable. We will also look at why the Greenhouse in Uganda, Tanzania and some did not perform well.
Thank you very much.
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