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Today in the Fashion segment, I have provided you with extracts that will help you, a girl or a boy who has a chronic problem of having too much oil on your face, so don't worry, just continue to follow me carefully.

First of all, most of us hate having oil on our face that leads to persistent acne, that is, chronic acne and skin damage.

Basically that situation is annoying, but surprisingly it also has its beauty when you have an oily face hahahahahaaa! I know you will be very surprised here, but keep on searching and you will know what I mean my dears who love Beauty and Fashion.

What you don't know is that an oily face does not hold wrinkles as quickly as a dry face. This is one of the biggest benefits of facial oil.


Now let's look at ways to take care of oily face

* An oily face must be washed regularly with 'facewash', not ordinary soaps, that is, there are special soaps that reduce the oil on the face and they are widely available in stores or supermarkets.

* An oily face is washed 2 or 3 times a day here, I know people think they are lazy to do that or busy at work, but at least if you do that, it will help the skin of your face to look good.

* Oily face does not want hot water at all, that is, how should one not lie, oily face is washed using hot water because it is toxic to oily face because it increases the temperature and brings many pimples on the face.

* An oily face with a lot of pimples should not be scrubbed because if you do a scrub, the pimples burst and release fluid that spreads and produces a lot of pimples and also causes excess oil on the face.

* An oily face causes makeup to not last as long as it should, it is advised to rub your face and neck with ice after applying makeup.

* An easy way to reduce oil on the face is to rub lemon on the face. lemon is acidic and cuts oil, you are advised to cut a piece of lemon and then rub it on your face and leave it on until it dries, then wash it off with tap water or if you like cold water from the 'fridge'.

You can also squeeze enough lemons and mix it with water and freeze it into ice and then rub it on your face. It brings cleanliness and reduces oil on the face and removes blemishes as well.

* Oily face does not want heat. By heat, I mean lotion or oil of any kind, if you apply lotion or oil on the face where the face is already oily, it causes acne in abundance. The pimples are small or large with pus and leave marks and patches on the face.

* If you have a long journey, then go ahead the day before or spend the whole day with lemon water on your face and before you start applying makeup, rub normal ice or lemon water and wash it with tap water or cold water from the fridge and then apply makeup.

Another thing that will help you with an oily face is to avoid using cosmetics that are oily here and talk to those who agree to get random advice from people who don't know about beauty.

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Some people have been taking it easy to eat fruits, but you should know that fruits are important for our health because they protect us from various diseases and also make our skin look good.


There are reasons to accept that fruits are very important for our health because they add vitamins; the following are the reasons why you should eat fruit every day:


AVOCADO: This fruit has become very popular for making juice, but people may not like it because there is no sugar in it. This fruit has a vitamin tablet, which also increases fat in the body, for those who use it regularly. You are advised to eat or drink avocado juice at any time if you do not have any problems related to excess fat in the body. Also, this fruit increases weight if you use it regularly.


APPLE: This is a very famous fruit in the world associated with lovers, but this fruit, in addition to being popular in the world and having vitamins and minerals, also has a very important role in giving you a good appearance of your skin. This fruit helps to improve the circulation of blood in the body as well as keeping the skin from losing its originality.


BANANA: This is also a popular fruit for many people who care about eating fruit, as it is sweet and has a clean taste. This fruit helps to soften dry facial skin, for example you will find that there are some oils or lotions made from bananas. Eat bananas to repair the skin of your face as well as giving it a good ability to digest food.

PAPAYA: It is the right fruit to give you oily skin, restore or seal the injured and sagging parts of your skin. Papaya also brightens the color of your skin, all this is done by an enzyme derived from papaya called papain. If you want to use papaya in your facial skin, then take honey, mix it with ripe papaya and apply it on your face for 10 minutes and then wash it, then you will see what will happen in your face, you will look like the skin of a two-day-old baby.

ORANGE: This is a very popular orange that helps restore damaged skin and give your skin a natural glow. How to use it is very simple, take cold orange juice and then apply it on your face, leave it for 10 minutes and then wash it off and you will see the results.
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 Use these fruits to improve your skin.

  Sometimes in order to improve the appearance of your skin, you don't have to use chemicals with toxic ingredients to do that, but you need to be able to use fruits that have a great help to make your skin glow.

1. Avocado.

This fruit has become very popular for making juice but people may not like it because there is no sugar in it. This fruit contains vitamin tablets, which also increase fat in the body for those who use it frequently, they are advised to eat or drink avocado juice at any time in case you do not have any problems related to excess fat in the body. Also, this fruit increases weight if you use it regularly.

2. Apple.

This is a very famous fruit in the world associated with lovers, but this fruit, in addition to being very popular in the world and having vitamins and minerals, is also very effective in giving you a good appearance of your skin. This fruit helps to improve blood circulation as well as preserve the skin from losing its originality.

3. Bananas.

This is also a fruit with a big name for many people who care about the consumption of fruits, because it is sweet and full of pure pleasure. This fruit helps to soften the dry skin of the face, for example you will find that there are some oils or lotions painted with bananas. Eat bananas to repair the skin of your face as well as give it a good digestive power.

4. Papaya.

It is the perfect fruit to give you healthy skin, restore or close body wounds. Papaya also brightens your skin color, all this is done by an enzyme derived from papaya called papain. If you want to use papaya on your skin, then take honey, mix it with boiled papaya and put it on your face for ten minutes, then wash it and see what will happen on your face, you will look like the skin of a one-day-old baby.

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 Welcome back to our article today where we will learn how we can deal with stress or ways to deal with stress. Stress is the things that people find in their daily life. What is the meaning of stress?

Depression is stress caused by problems/suffering, stress, problems, and various things.

Stress is bad for you. When your mind grows stressed, so does your body. "When our bodies and minds perceive danger, blood pressure goes up and the digestive system goes down" are the words of psychologist Wetter " when our bodies and minds perceive danger, blood pressure goes up and the digestive system shuts down'' so when our bodies are healthy and our minds are healthy, we also have to learn how to deal with stress. Below are six ways to deal with stress;

1. Sleep

Sleep is medicine for humans, it treats various things in your body. When you are stressed, you are advised to take a nap. When you sleep, you give your mind and body a rest. In order to make your mind work well, it needs good sleep, which is advised by health professionals from 7-9 hours, sleeping more than that is problematic. Sleep has to give new energy and working mind. If you are tired all the time you will not be able to do your work effectively and you will not be able to produce at a high level. therefore, sleep is one of the medicines in dealing with the problem of stress.

2. Practice

If you are stressed, exercise. Exercise helps to increase mental strength and distribute oxygen in abundance in your blood vessels. If you want to increase productivity and reduce thinking, exercise, if you can't run, walk, so exercise is important for our health, not only to remove stress, but also to strengthen and give strength to the mind.

3. Eat well

Your body depends on food to run like a car depends on fuel to run. If you eat badly, don't expect to be healthy, the way you look depends on the foods you eat. Eat fruits, vegetables and foods that build the body and not foods that damage your health, remember that if you don't pay the cost of your health today, you will pay for it later by getting diseases that will torment you throughout your life, it is better to pay the cost now. So, eating well is a good way to deal with stress.

4. Read a book

When you feel stressed, make a book your best friend. You will forget what was happening to you. You will also get many indescribable benefits when you are reading a book, you will get a lot of knowledge that you did not know. When you read, read with all your mind and put it in the book and leave other activities and you will get good results. A book is a way to get rid of stress is a good way that gives you food to feed your brain.

5. Entertainment

Entertainment is one way to deal with stress in your life. You can listen to the good music you like and finally get rid of your stress or you can be with someone close to you (your lover), play with your children or your child, look at photos in your past memory albums, watch football, play and so on.

Therefore, entertainment has a great contribution in dealing with stress.

6. Changing the environment

You can visit various places such as beaches, swim in prepared places ie swimming pool, changing the environment also helps in dealing with stress, visit zoos, or other places with tourist attractions. Places with calm green environment and good breeze help to make your mind fresh and strong.

Finally, our lives need happiness, love, peace and good health that will lead us on our successful journey.

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Do You Know Why They Are Unhappy?

In order for you to succeed in the goals that you have, you must be a happy person.

And there are many people who are unhappy in their lives and it is possible that this is caused by the challenges that a person is going through, the things that he is going through, it is possible that it is financial challenges, relational challenges or leadership challenges.

But there is something that has deceived the happiness of many people.

But one thing that many people don't know is that happiness doesn't start outside, it starts inside you.

 And there are things that successful people have always been happy in their lives, have focused on and have always done.

There are things that if you know, you will be happy every day regardless of what is going on, regardless of what you have and these are the things today I want you to consider and learn, so that you can use them as part of building your happiness, it is quite possible to be happy every day in your life.

A thing that the psychologist Leonard said in 1954, in order to be happy, don't compare yourself to other people, he used a very good concept, upward comparison and downward comparison, that there is comparing yourself above you or comparing yourself below you, for other people with positive attitudes it helps them like wishing but a lot of people seem to be disappointed, they see themselves as late, they say, in fact, I see myself as late.

Because if that one was successful at that level, why am I not successful in this one?

 But those who compare themselves with their subordinates, we say they see themselves as very successful, comparing themselves with the people who are below them.

Psychologist Leonard, says that if you compare yourself with other people, it will be very difficult for you to succeed, because the truth is that ("somebody ten chapter it can be your one chapter").

That the tenth chapter of another person you look at may be the first chapter in your book, in other words when you compare yourself you don't know what is going on in another person's life many people for comparing themselves have found themselves entering a very expensive life, they have found themselves using things in higher levels than they were supposed to.  

A person forces themselves to do things that are beyond their ability, just because of comparing themselves.

What you need to know is that most people don't show you what is there, they show you what they want you to see.

Repeat so that you understand well, people do not show what is there for them, they show you what they want you to see.

What will happen? You will be comparing yourself to something that they want you to see but you don't know the reality of hidden things, but if you ever come across a situation or hear something from someone and say to him, I didn't know if he was a relative, that's what he was, but he was pretending that his life was not like that, so don't compare yourself to other people. Many people who compare themselves to them, you find them struggling in their lives, there are things they continue to struggle to achieve.

so focus on what you are doing, focus on your vision, still what you have to do, look at how your life should go, stop comparing yourself, you will find yourself in big problems in your life.

I once met a man, he was telling me that he was comparing himself a lot, he was longing for certain people, but it is not a bad thing there are people who live well but at the end of the day we say you have to go back to yourself because he himself comes to say what he came to discover later he was saying to If I knew them, I wouldn't want them to be like that.

There are people you've been looking up to, they drive great cars, you want to learn good things from them but you don't get to the point where you feel like you're nothing, you're useless because you compare yourself so much with others, so first stop comparing yourself, change from comparing yourself to learning, learning what he did and what he got what he got, what he did or what he learned, or what path he went through so that I can also go through.

But the person who compares himself is the one who says I want to be like So-and-so without learning what is behind it.

You can be happy every day by reading a book called YOU HAVE THE POWER TO WORK MIRACLES, Because it will teach you step by step how to build habits that bring happiness.

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 My dear friend,

Show me your habits and I will be able to predict to a great extent where you will be in the next 5, 10 and even 20 years.

Unsuccessful people tend to blame almost everything for their success, except for one thing, their behavior.

And habits have the greatest power to build or tear down your success.

Success or failure is not an event. No one wakes up one day and finds himself successful or a failure.

Success or failure is a process, which develops over a long period of time. Anything that is made by a process is greatly influenced by the habits that a person has.

You see for yourself how your habits have an impact on your success.

The way you are today is the result of the habits you had in the past.

And if you continue those habits, you will continue to get the same results as you are getting now.

That's why I'm telling you if I know your habits, I know where you will end up, it's not a miracle, if you plant a bean seed, you won't be surprised if a bean plant grows.

Likewise, the results you see in your life, the seed of it is the habits you have.

If you haven't gotten what you want or reached where you want, there are habits you have now that are an obstacle for you.

Without breaking those habits, it will be very difficult for you to succeed.

In my experience working with various people who want to be more successful, I have seen the following behaviors as obstacles to success. Laziness, indolence, drunkenness, adultery, umbeya, theft, contempt, pride, ignorance, anger, lack of learning, lack of faith, greed and indifference to others.

If you have any of those habits, you should break it immediately so that it does not become an obstacle to your success.

Even if you succeed with those bad habits, your fall becomes bigger and more painful.

To get rid of bad habits that are an obstacle to your success, consider these;

I. Change your attitude.

The attitude you have is the root of the behavior you have. You cannot change behavior without changing attitude. It is the same as cutting the branches and leaving the trunk.

Attitude is the belief you have in yourself, it is what you see in yourself.

With the bad habits you have, you have a certain attitude that produces them.

Many have a hereditary perspective, that these habits are inherited from your parents.

You find someone is drunk and he tells you that we have the nature of drunkenness. Or he has an uncontrollable anger and says we are always very angry.

These types of attitudes justify bad behavior and make it seem chronic.

Completely destroy every attitude you have that justifies your bad habits.

Realize that you are the one with the power and authority to build your attitude and life in general.

Do not consider yourself as a guilty and weak person, but consider yourself as someone who has the power to change your life.

Know that you can be what you want and no matter what circumstances you have come from, you have the power to change your life.

Build the right attitude and you will be able to build the right behavior.

II. Develop alternative behaviors.

If you want to break a bad habit, make sure you build another good habit to replace that habit.

If you remove a habit and leave it open, you will find yourself going back to that habit or another bad habit.

If you want to stop drinking, you should use the time you were drinking to do other things that keep you busy.

It can be learning or collaborating with others who are doing good things.

Nature doesn't like a vacuum, if you break a habit and leave time that is empty, you give space for that habit or another to take that place.

III. Change the environment.

You cannot break a habit by being in the same environment that encourages that behavior.

Change your environment so that you are completely away from the habit you want to break.

Avoid groups of people who have the behavior you want to break, because those you are with have a great influence on you.

If you want to stop drinking, get rid of your friends who are alcoholics. And do not go to meetings in the bar area or have alcohol in you.

Don't fool yourself that you are strong and can refuse. The environment and those around you have a great influence on you.

Reduce your temptations by changing the environment that encourages the behavior you want to break.

IV. Break all kinds of bridges.

There is a bridge between you and bad behavior that is an obstacle for you, break all bridges.

If you have had an adulterous habit, you have detours, break all bridges with those detours. They are so wrong with them that even if you come back to ask for their forgiveness, they cannot understand you at all.

Breaking habits is war, what you want is victory, so every weapon that can help you, use it.

V. Create accountability.

Alone it's easy to go backwards. When you have someone to hold you accountable you push yourself harder because you know backing down will cost you.

Find someone you respect and pledge your intention to break the bad habit you have.

Explain the steps you are going to take.

Then he will give you the punishment that he will give you when you go against what you promised.

You may have to pay him a large amount of money which will hurt you a lot.

Or it could be him humiliating you in some way.

Build responsibility that you know if you don't do something you will lose and that will push you to do it.

VI. Know and live your purpose.

Struggling with bad behavior is an indicator that you still don't know the purpose of your life.

Because when you know the purpose, you realize how short time is.

All your time is spent on living your purpose and you have no time to waste.

Sit down and think deeply until you know your purpose, then use every minute of your remaining life on earth to live your purpose.

The greater your purpose, the more motivated you are to let go of bad habits that are an obstacle to your purpose.

VII. Have big dreams.

Big dreams, dreams that scare you and others are protection against bad behavior.

For example, if your dream is to become a billionaire, you won't have time to get drunk every day. That dream will absorb all your time, until you have no time to rest or be with those close to you.

If bad habits are bothering you, take whatever goal you have now, multiply it tenfold and promise people that you must achieve that goal.

Tell people clearly that you will achieve your big goal.

You know what will happen, they will reject you, they will oppose you, they will make fun of you and every time they see you doing wrong behavior, they will scold you.

That is all it takes to get rid of bad habits that are an obstacle and put you in good habits to get you to your big dreams.

VIII. Connect with the right people.

You should associate with the right people, people with good behavior and people who will feel very embarrassed when they know your bad habits.

Those around you have a great influence on the behavior you have, so choose them correctly.

Also have a mentor and/or coach who helps you get out of bad habits and build good habits for your success.

IX. Have mercy on your life.

In the book Follow Your Heart, the author says that when life is easy, we always find a way to make it more difficult.

And that is clear, many bad habits that hinder us, we tend to build them when life is easy.

When a person has no money, he lacks many things, but when he gets money, everything bad happens to him, drunkenness, adultery, contempt, pride, etc.

Have mercy on your life, don't want to make it harder than it is.

X. Don't be paranoid.

There is a saying that one person told you that you have a problem, maybe he is the one with the problem.

If three people tell you that you have a problem, there may be a conspiracy against you.

But if 10 people tell you that you have a problem, then you really have a problem.

Bad habits have become a stumbling block for many because of controversy. Many do not like to admit that their habits are the obstacle for them.

And they like to use comforting statements, mentioning other people who are successful despite having the same behavior as them.

Friend, this is not a question of comparing yourself with others, it is a question of reflecting on yourself and seeing what your habits have contributed or hindered you.

Even if they are useful for others, if they are not useful for you, leave them.

Consider what you have learned here so that you can break bad habits that are an obstacle for you.

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In recent decades, the pressure to have a face free of wrinkles and other signs of aging has increased: hyaluronic acid, a substance that can be applied to the inner parts of the skin to promote moisture, tighten the skin to give the face the appearance it needs, especially on the chin. cheeks, lips and eyelids.

The popular "revitalizing facial" product has been touted as a beauty cream and beauty clinic ads.

But can it be used by everyone? Are there any side effects from using this beauty product? And what is the difference between creams sold in stores and injections given by doctors?

By answering these five questions we explain the challenges associated with this product.

1. What is hyaluronic acid?

Hyaluronic acid is a substance produced by our own bodies and those of some animals.

It has the function of maintaining the natural moisture of the cells that make up the inner layers of the skin, as well as supporting and replenishing this tissue.

"Over the years due to the aging process, we lose extra skin, which becomes thin and loose," explains doctor Alessandra Grassi Salles, coordinator of the Aesthetic, Cosmetic and Laser Surgery Group at the Department of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo ( USP), in Brazil.

This "extra skin" mentioned by the expert corresponds precisely to all the substances that "fill" the skin and hold the skin cells together.

As the years go by and the production of this essential acid decreases, it is normal for the upper part of our body to sag, get wrinkles and eventually become thinner.

With the passage of years and the natural depletion of these compounds, it is normal for the upper layer of our body to weaken, get wrinkles and eventually become thinner.

Here is the need to apply hyaluronic acid: the goal is to revitalize the body and increase the amount of this substance, to keep the skin in the desired condition.

2. What is the difference between a cream and an injection?

"The big problem with hyaluronic acid that is produced by the body does not last long. The body absorbs it in less than 48 hours," says Dr. Daniel Boro, of the Society of Plastic Surgery in Brazil.

"The industry developed another form of this substance that is more resistant and capable of remaining in the body for months."

Currently, hyaluronic acid is injected in procedures known as aesthetic which is obtained through the processing of some organisms that can only be seen through a microscope.

The cream contains a synthetic version of this ingredient. The older your face gets, the more wrinkles you get.

In addition to the construction, the two types of products have fundamental differences in the operating procedure.

"The primary function of the cream is to promote very high skin moisture. The injections have the function of filling, helping the face to shine," says Dr. Alessandra Ribeiro Romiti, consultant of the Body Cosmetics Department from the Brazilian Society of Dermatology.

Experts explain that the cream produces large molecules that cannot pass through the first part of the skin.

With this, it is unlikely that the hyaluronic acid that is part of the formulation exceeds and fills the extracellular matrix mentioned above.

The same moisturizing effect, by the way, is observed in tablets that also contain this ingredient.

However, before you start using any of these features, it is best to seek expert guidance.

"If the person has oily skin and uses a lot of cream, there is a risk of this habit clogging the skin pores and causing acne," explains Salles.

3. Who should hyaluronic acid be used by?

In general, there are no recommendations that are suitable for all people.

"We can apply hyaluronic acid to the body as part of controlling the skin's aging process," says Boro.

According to Romiti, everything will depend on what the patient is looking for and his personal characteristics.

"There is no correct age to start treatment. There are people Salles adds that, with the possibility of correcting certain features of the face through new cosmetic technologies such as hyaluronic acid, the health professional needs to understand the motivation of each person.

"It's a big mistake to think that we need to have a 30-year-old face to be happy. If we don't find out what's going on in the patient, he may have a new face, but he won't be fully satisfied," he says.

4. Are the results after application final?

No. The Hyaluronic Acid used in this procedure lasts for a long time, and is slowly absorbed by the body. "It all depends on the type of gel and what part of the face it will be applied to," Boro answers.

"In general, it stays in the layers of the skin for about a year, but this time usually varies between six and 18 months."

It is worth clarifying here that not all hyaluronic acid is the same: there are more stable formulations and others that are more biodegradable.

Professionals choose the right type according to the part of the face and the desired result.

For the chin or jaw, for example, a special gel may be necessary, while on the lips or eyelids, it is better to use a simple product, which will allow more natural movement of the mouth or eyes.

In addition to stability, another factor that interferes with the duration of hyaluronic acid is the movement of surface structures.

They tend to go faster in areas that move a lot, like the lips and eyes, and linger longer in areas that don't move, like the chin.

But of course, experts do not wait until hyaluronic acid is completely exhausted to show new applications.

"We do regular monitoring and have protocols in place to make changes, as needed," says Bor

5. Is there a risk of harm after doing this procedure?

Adverse effects can occur and it is important that professionals and patients know how to recognize them in order to act quickly and prevent damage.

One of the most feared risks occurs when the product is applied to the wrong part of the face.

With this, hyaluronic acid can get stuck in the blood vessels that support the face, which will lead to tissue death in the nose, lips or even blindness.

"To reduce this risk, it is important to do this procedure with professionals who have a lot of experience," says Salles.

"This is not something you learn in a weekend course. It takes years of learning to understand all the nuances of facial anatomy. And even the most experienced professionals can make mistakes".

To reduce the damage, it is possible to use an enzyme called hyaluronidase, which has the function of absorbing the misused hyaluronic acid.

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Brushing your teeth properly will keep your teeth and gums healthy and reduce the risk of chronic disease. But most of us do not brush our teeth properly.

We have been brushing our teeth since we were little, shorter than regular bathroom mirrors. But few of us know how to brush our teeth properly.

According to research from Sweeden, about 1 in 10 people brush their teeth properly. In a survey of 2,000 people living in the UK by the British health insurance company, almost half said they did not know how to brush their teeth properly

Josephine Hersheyfield, a clinical lecturer at the University of Birmingham in England, said, "If you don't have formal guidance from a dentist or hygienist, chances are you don't know how to brush your teeth properly." "From experience, I think it's the same situation in any country."

However, there is a lot of information on how to brush your teeth properly. So it can be more complicated. According to one study, there is a lot of conflicting information between the advice of brushing experts.

Nigel Carter, an expert at Oral Health UK, said: "There are so many different types of information that are conflicting and confusing for consumers." Confusion is further fueled by dental health products, such as tongue cleaners and water rinses.

So where do you go wrong when brushing your teeth? And how do you clean it properly?

The best way

"Most dental patients know they need to remove food debris," Hersheyfield said. "But that's only half the truth. Getting the bacteria off your teeth is more important."

The bacteria and germs that live in everyone's mouth form a thick biofilm (a thin membrane containing bacteria or germs) called plaque. Plaque contains about 700 types of bacteria, making it a breeding ground for fungi and viruses. "That sticky membrane on the teeth and soft tissue doesn't come off easily, so it has to be cleaned artificially," Hersheyfield said.

The most important area to remove plaque is at the gum line and not the teeth. Microorganisms penetrate the gum tissue through this area and cause inflammation and eventually periodontitis. That's why Hersheyfield said, "think about brushing your gum line more" instead of "brushing your teeth." "Then the teeth snap back on themselves." Through that way

So what is the best way to do this?
One of the most effective ways to remove the thin line of bacteria (biofilm) is the "enhanced water channel". This method is more active than brushing which we use a lot.

I tried this method myself. First, I took a bamboo toothbrush and stood in front of the bathroom mirror. I started brushing my teeth.

In the improved cleaning method, the toothbrush is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface of the tooth. (Bending down on the lower teeth and up on the upper teeth, as if the edge of the toothbrush were placed under the gums.) Then, it produces small vibrations along the gum line in a backward and outward direction.

Moments later, the bathroom mirror was smeared with toothpaste foam from her mouth. And brushing my teeth so hard that I scratched my gums with the hard head of the bamboo toothbrush and dropped the toothbrush on the floor in pain.
After a week of trying, the amount of toothpaste spilled on the glass decreased, but my gums started to hurt. It was because I was brushing too hard.

Brushing too hard can damage your gums. Injuries to the soft tissues caused by excessive brushing provide a way for bacteria to enter the bloodstream.

And brushing can create cavities that can rot your teeth. People who use manual toothbrushes tend to use more power than users of electric toothbrushes with a power warning feature.

How long should you brush your teeth?
Twice a day, at least 2 minutes per session, is a requirement recommended by the American Dental Association, the NHS, the Indian Dental Association, and the Australian Dental Association.

The problem is that most of us don't really know how long two minutes is. The time people spent brushing their teeth varied from study to study, ranging from 33 seconds to 45 seconds, 46 seconds and 97 seconds on average.

According to the research of Karolina Gans, professor of dental prevention at the University of Giessen in Germany, only 25% of people brush their teeth with the right force and frequency.

Fortunately, there are useful time-telling tools, such as a phone app, a small clock mirror you can stick in your bathroom, and an electric toothbrush with a built-in timer
Brushing your teeth for a long time removes biofilm, but two minutes is enough to clean the entire area of ​​your teeth and gum line, Carter said. However, people with gum disease or other oral diseases may take a long time to completely remove the biofilm.

"Really, how often you need to brush your teeth depends on the individual situation," says Hersheyfield. "It's hard to choose one because everyone's teeth and mouth conditions are different. The important thing is that it takes at least two minutes to clean every area of ​​your teeth, including hard-to-reach areas with a toothbrush."

How often should you brush your teeth?
In the United States, England, and Australia, it is recommended to brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day at the same time carefully. However, the Indian Medical Association says doing it up to three times, including after lunch, helps. Most people who do not have serious oral health problems do not really benefit from brushing more than this.

"Excessive brushing can cause wear and tear on your teeth, so brushing more than twice a day can be harmful," said Hersheyfield. But there is a difference.

"But neither of us brush our teeth very well, so a double brush will get rid of the spots we missed in the previous one."

Before or after food?
When is it better to brush your teeth before or after breakfast? From toothpaste manufacturers to dental clinics, many say that brushing before breakfast is better than brushing after a meal. However, the debate about the timing of brushing is still ongoing.

"There is no such thing as a 'must do,'" Hersheyfield said. "However, many dentists will recommend doing it after a meal, as it removes not only plaque but also food residue."

Whether before or after breakfast is better depends on what and when you eat it. This is because two conditions are needed for the development of biofilm: microorganisms and food for microorganisms. 

So brushing your teeth after breakfast can be effective. "If you put sugar on top of the existing bacterial membrane and then wipe it off right away, you won't have a problem," said Hersheyfield.

However, there are some things to be careful about when brushing your teeth after breakfast. There should be time between eating and brushing. The American Dental Association recommends a time difference of 60 minutes. The reason is that food acids and the products of carbohydrate digestion and micro-organisms wear down the teeth over time.

Clean with what?
Hersheyfield says there are products on the market that literally "wipe your teeth." This is more likely to happen when using a hard toothbrush and toothpaste with the ability to polish and rub hard parts (abrasive) which is often called "whitening". 

"Tooth wear is a process that takes place over years or decades," he said. "But as teeth continue to wear down, they can develop ulcers or cavities." 

For adults, a medium toothbrush and toothpaste that does not contain small abrasive particles is recommended. Hersheyfield said that it is better to have a small toothbrush head so that it can clean every part of the teeth and it is better to change the toothbrush before it starts to split.

Brushwoods such as miwak, widely used throughout Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, also help remove plaque and prevent pores. However, if not used correctly, it can cause bruises on the gums.

Although expensive, electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual toothbrushes. Although there have been studies over the years showing no significant difference between the two toothbrushes.

The effectiveness of the electric toothbrush comes from the fact that it helps those who do not know how to brush their teeth and the fact that the head of the teeth is small. And it has the ability to detect the power you are using and warn you. "But a manual toothbrush can be effective if you brush it properly and use the right amount of force," says Hersheyfield.

Should you use dental floss?
There aren't enough studies on dental floss. However, many dental health groups still recommend flossing.

"If you have five teeth and they have bacteria on each side that's open, there's no reason not to brush half of them," Hersheyfield said.
Carter said that in the UK, flossing is a habit of 1 in 20 people. According to a 2019 survey, a third of UK adults do not floss at all.

Flossing is not the only way to remove bacteria from the teeth. Depending on the characteristics of the teeth, such as the space between the teeth, an intermediate toothbrush may be used in some cases. If you have problems with your gums or teeth, cleaning between your teeth is a big help.

Hersheyfield said flossing should be used every two minutes of brushing and once a day is sufficient.

What is the best toothpaste?
There are toothpastes that claim to have a variety of functions, from preventing tooth decay to whitening, but Hersheyfield and Carter said the high cost doesn't mean they have the features you need.

"Sometimes even the cheapest toothpastes have everything on the ingredient list to protect your teeth," says Hersheyfield.

There is one list of ingredients on toothpaste packaging that deserves special attention. "Fluoride content is obviously the main factor," Hersheyfield said. To protect enamel from acid, it should be at least 1350 ppm for adults and 1000 ppm for children.

Tooth pulp is the hardest tissue in the human body. "It's as hard as a diamond," Hersheyfield said.

"Since fluoride entered toothpaste, there has been a decrease in tooth decay in all areas where fluoride toothpaste is used," said Hersheyfield.

However, some outbreaks must be handled with care. Charcoal, which has been used to brush teeth for thousands of years and has recently become popular as an ingredient in toothpaste, has not been adequately researched on its effectiveness. There is little evidence that charcoal whitens teeth and can cause tooth decay and other problems.

Most charcoal toothpastes do not contain fluoride, so they are not effective in preventing tooth decay.

Other toothpaste additives that are known today are not controversial. Another study found that baking soda toothpaste was more effective at removing bacterial plaque. However, follow-up research is needed.

Should you use mouthwash?
Mouthwash is less effective at removing bacterial plaque than brushing, Carter said, but using the two together can remove more plaque than brushing alone. "I don't think it's a replacement for brushing, but it's a very important way to get it done," he said.

But recently, the industry says mouthwashes can also help treat gingivitis. To be effective, mouthwashes must contain at least 100 ppm fluoride and have been clinically proven to reduce plaque. And it's best to use it if you already have bleeding gums rather than as a preventative measure.

Maybe there is a "must have" to increase the effectiveness of brushing your teeth. Lack of brushing can lead to bacterial growth and tooth decay and periodontitis. Excessive cleaning or vigorous brushing can wear down the enamel. Flossing, brushing between teeth or using mouthwash if you have gingivitis can be annoying but it is worth it for your health.

Effective brushing reduces the risk of bad breath, tooth discoloration and cavities. It is also known to be effective in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline.

"Evidence is emerging that periodontal disease is also associated with cognitive impairment through inflammation," said Bei Wu, professor of health at New York University. "Oral hygiene efforts, such as brushing, can reduce plaque and reduce the risk of gingivitis."

The 'Salvadora persica' tree has played an important role in human dental hygiene for approximately 7,000 years. This tree grows in Africa, the Middle East, India and Pakistan.

Since Babylonian times, people have cut small sticks from the trees, rubbed the leaves, and then cut them to a size that they could hold in one hand.
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India has long topped the list of countries with the highest number of malnourished children in the world.

Now it is also increasingly reporting alarming rates of childhood obesity which, experts say, could become an epidemic if the issue is not addressed quickly.

When 14-year-old Mihir Jain first walked into Delhi's Max Hospital in 2017 in his wheelchair to consult Dr Pradeep Chowbey, the surgeon said "I couldn't believe my eyes".

  "Mihir was morbidly obese, he could not stand properly and could not open his eyes as his face was very fat. He weighed 237kg.

After weeks of treatment and gastric bypass surgery in the summer of 2018, Mihir's weight dropped to 165 kg.

At the time, Mihir was described as the "heaviest teenager in the world", where India has an estimated 18 million obese children and the number is increasing every day.

The most recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, conducted in 2019-21), conducting an in-depth survey of various households on health and social indicators conducted by the government, found that 3.4% of children under the age of five now they have a greater weight compared to 2.1% in 2015-16.

From his point of view, the number seems small, but Dr Arjan de Wagt, head of nutrition at Unicef in India, says that "even a very small percentage can mean a very large number" because of India's large population.

According to Unicef's World Obesity Atlas 2022 statistics, India is predicted to have more than 27 million obese children, representing one in 10 children in the world, by 2030. It ranks 99th in the list of 183 countries in terms of readiness to deal with obesity. The economic impact of overweight and obesity is expected to increase from $23bn in 2019 to $479bn by 2060.

"We are looking at a huge problem of childhood obesity in India," says Dr de Wagt. "And because the behaviors that lead to obesity generally start in childhood, obese children grow up to become obese adults."

Children under five who are overweight

And that is the biggest concern for health experts. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), excess fat in the body increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, including 13 types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart and lung problems, leading to premature death.

Last year, obesity caused 2.8 million deaths worldwide.

India has already entered the top five countries in terms of adult obesity in the last few years.

The 2016 statistics put 135 million Indians in the obese category and their number is increasing.

Dr. de Wagt says that in India - where 36% of children under five are still stunted - the gains we've been making in fighting malnutrition are being countered by overnutrition.

"People are undernourished and over nourished at the same time. Overweight and obesity are the result of overnutrition, but that doesn't mean a person is getting all the nutrition they need."

The biggest problem, he says, "is not knowing enough about nutrition".

"If children are given balanced meals that include carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fruits and vegetables, then it will prevent malnutrition and obesity.

But people don't know what good food is, they eat to fill their bellies with more carbs, more convenience food."

Dr de Wagt says statistics show that although childhood obesity is a problem among all social classes, it occurs more in wealthy urban families where children are fed a diet of foods and drinks high in fat, sugar and salt.

A 2019 survey by Max Healthcare in Delhi and its suburbs revealed that approximately 40% of children (5-9 years), adolescents (10-14 years) and young adults (15-17 years) had overweight.

"Young people sleep late and often rush to eat in the middle of the night, especially for unhealthy snacks," says Dr Chowbey.

"They don't burn any calories after eating late at night because they sleep afterwards and during the day, they are tired, which means they burn very few calories.

In addition, children spend more time on computers and phones instead of running or playing." "Obesity," he also warns, "the effects are not only medical, but every aspect of life, including psychological and social.

Obese children often face prejudice and social exclusion.

Dr Ravindran Kumeran, a surgeon in the southern city of Chennai (Madras) and founder of the Obesity Institute of India, says that if we do not intervene in children now, we will not be able to tackle the obesity problem in the country.

"If you watch TV now for half an hour, you will see a lot of commercials about junk food and those glorifying soft drinks. This constant false message about the benefits of junk food must stop, and it can only be done by the government."

Also, he says, we need to get more children playing outside. "As a country we are not investing in physical fitness. Our cities have no footpaths, no safe cycle paths, and few playgrounds where children can play."

That's what Sportz Village, a youth sports organization, is trying to change, co-founder and CEO Saumil Majumdar told the BBC.

"In our country, schools are the only place that provides a safe place for children to play, so schools must contribute to fighting obesity," he says.

Their study of more than 254,000 children showed that one in two children was not in satisfactory health; A large number of children lacked flexibility, had poor strength.

It's not a policy problem. All schools have physical education classes, but generally only the fittest children get enough attention.

So it's not fun for kids who don't enjoy playing," Mr Majumdar says. "We believe that in schools just as kids should learn the basic level of any subject, in the same way they should be taught the basic levels of fitness."

Over the years, he says, the schools they have worked with have shown several improvements.

"In some cases we have seen equality levels while some parameters have been improved from 5% to 17% and we have also been able to get more girls to dance. I think dancing can solve all the problems of the world," he adds.

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